For both scholars and practitioners, the most important aspect of this research is a deepening of our understanding of the diverse ways that states and communities are engaging with proliferating non-state or market-oriented regulation in resource extraction and development. Recent scholarly research has shown that the question of whether and how market-oriented or non-state regulation works with or against state and community regulation is crucial in understanding its effects and effectiveness, given the limits of market-based regulation on its own (see above). Our project is also significant in that it considers entire sectors, not only what is being produced for export to northern markets. This enables us to broaden our vision to see what is happening in these sectors outside of the ‘sustainability enclaves’ being produced by certification, PES, and so on. While we can be enthusiastic about achievements in territorialized enclaves, our research is also concerned with broader trends in the management of forest and fisheries ecologies, and the impact of market-oriented programs on these broader trends. We will also contribute a broad-based and comparative study of how the remaking of public and private authority affects often-marginalized resident peoples as well as workers in Asian frontier ecologies.