2.2.7 Substrates
There are many ways of incorporating covert markers within a substrate, such as visible
or UV fluorescing fibres, or chemical reagents in carton board or paper. Watermarks
can be embedded in leaflet paper, or metallic threads interwoven in the base material,
possibly including an overt OVD feature. These require a dedicated supply source and
large volume production, which, if affordable, results in a very effective option.