We used the same test products as Loebnitz, Schuitema, and Grunert (2013), who varied images of an apple, lemon, carrot, and eggplant according to three levels of shape abnormality (normal, moderate abnormal, extreme abnormal) (see Fig. 1). The images, constructed by a commercial photographer, were designed to be similar in size and pixels, to minimize any extraneous variance in the results. The images provided real examples of naturally occurring abnormalities. To ensure that the resulting images also controlled for all factors except shape, we required each selected image to fulfill some requirements: no abnormalities based on color (i.e., shades, color of fruit has to cover one-third to two-thirds of the size of the fruit), size, or damage, and all images provided a full frontal view. Each condition (normal, moderate abnormal and extreme abnormal) was available for each of the four products, resulting in a total of 12 images. To verify the distinctions among the normal, moderate abnormal, and extreme abnormal food products, we subjected all the images to a manipulation check in the main study after collecting the dependent variable.