Regressions at the 3-month follow-up generally supported a model of shared contribution between breastfeeding and parental presence on sleep problems. Both breastfeeding and parental presence significantly contributed to shorter con-tinuous sleep periods (parental presence R 2 change =0.16, breastfeeding R 2 change=0.07, Total R 2=.23) and a decreased likelihood of waking up in own bed (parental presence R 2 change=0.11, breastfeeding R 2 change=0.08, Total
R 2=.19). Parental presence was more important in explaining shorter total sleep time at night (R 2 change=0.12, Total R
2=.15) while breastfeeding contributed more variance to increased night wakings (R2 change=0.11, Total R 2 =.14).
Regressions at the 3-month follow-up were not significant for daytime naps, sleep onset latency, or sleep problems. Breastfeeding and parental presence accounted for 1% to 23% of the variance in sleep outcomes at the 3-month follow-up.