Sok Chenda has noted the existence of both institutional and capacity constraints in Cambodia. but these are equally applicable to many other GMs countries. Capacity constraints include the limited authority of local government, lack of strategy, lack of ability to implement key facilities, as well as inward-looking orientation, short time horizons, and overlapping demands (Sok Chenda 2009). Unless national capacities are improved, countries will not be able to implement complementary policies and investments, and thereby take full advantage of the new opportunities provided by regional cooperation. Decentralization may also lead to new identities, or the resurrection of older ones, and to conflicts between the political centre and other regions of the country Burnell 2006)
CONCLUSIONS over the past twenty years urban areas in mainland Southeast Asia have been subjected to successive rounds of change. First came change as a result of the adoption of the market economy. Second came regional cooperation, and later economic corridors that explicitly combine economic liberalization, cooperation, and notions of economic space. The fourth wave is increasing economic cooperation with the PRC through economic and transport corridors, CAFTA, and more general economic interaction between the two areas .
Regional economic cooperation has had an impact on the urban landscape of Southeast Asia since at least as early as colonial times. Trade- facilitarion - focaused regional cooperation, rather than the trade liberalizarion type exemplified by ASEAN and CEPT is shaping the urban landscape in mainland Southeast Asia by lowering transaction costs and reducing risk and uncertainty. Growth triangles and economic corridors, which were introduced in the early and latter part of the nineties respectively, will, through their tight relationship between trade and investment on one side, and geography and location on the other ,shape urban landscapes. other, The full impacts of these forces will be felt after 2015 when the GMs is fully connected by corridors and CAFTA provisions apply to all ASEAN countries, including the four mainland Southeast Asian countries that are currently exempt.
The urban landscape will change,leading to a de facto decentralization of urban activities although urban centres will not gain eqyally. urban landscape will change, leading to equally. urban centres located in the Jinghong - chiang Rai subcorridor
Sok Chenda has noted the existence of both institutional and capacity constraints in Cambodia. but these are equally applicable to many other GMs countries. Capacity constraints include the limited authority of local government, lack of strategy, lack of ability to implement key facilities, as well as inward-looking orientation, short time horizons, and overlapping demands (Sok Chenda 2009). Unless national capacities are improved, countries will not be able to implement complementary policies and investments, and thereby take full advantage of the new opportunities provided by regional cooperation. Decentralization may also lead to new identities, or the resurrection of older ones, and to conflicts between the political centre and other regions of the country Burnell 2006)
CONCLUSIONS over the past twenty years urban areas in mainland Southeast Asia have been subjected to successive rounds of change. First came change as a result of the adoption of the market economy. Second came regional cooperation, and later economic corridors that explicitly combine economic liberalization, cooperation, and notions of economic space. The fourth wave is increasing economic cooperation with the PRC through economic and transport corridors, CAFTA, and more general economic interaction between the two areas .
Regional economic cooperation has had an impact on the urban landscape of Southeast Asia since at least as early as colonial times. Trade- facilitarion - focaused regional cooperation, rather than the trade liberalizarion type exemplified by ASEAN and CEPT is shaping the urban landscape in mainland Southeast Asia by lowering transaction costs and reducing risk and uncertainty. Growth triangles and economic corridors, which were introduced in the early and latter part of the nineties respectively, will, through their tight relationship between trade and investment on one side, and geography and location on the other ,shape urban landscapes. other, The full impacts of these forces will be felt after 2015 when the GMs is fully connected by corridors and CAFTA provisions apply to all ASEAN countries, including the four mainland Southeast Asian countries that are currently exempt.
The urban landscape will change,leading to a de facto decentralization of urban activities although urban centres will not gain eqyally. urban landscape will change, leading to equally. urban centres located in the Jinghong - chiang Rai subcorridor
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