From the 32 full-text papers that we screened, we excluded 13 studies (see the Characteristics of excluded studies table). We excluded most of the studies (nine out of 13) because falls were collected as a measure of an adverse event. These studies, therefore, although reporting falls, did not have the aim of preventing them. We excluded Barreca 2004 because the study was not truly randomised, Eng 2010 because it was a narrative review, Halvarsson 2011 because the subgroup of people with stroke consisted of only four participants, and Mayo 1994 because the author was unable to provide us with details and data for the stroke subgroup. Our searching activities did not identify any ongoing trials.