2. Materials and methods
2.1. Yeast strain
Three commercial yeast strains were used in the experiments, they are yeast strain from local market,
commercial yeast strain widely known as fermipan, and yeast strain from Madukismo sugar factory in
Yogyakarta; labeled A, B, and C respectively. Yeast strain A was in fine granule form, yeast strain B was
in 1.5 cm flat round brittle dry yeast, while yeast C was culture stock maintained on YPG agar medium.
2.2. Immobilization
Sugarcane water was added gradually to the flour or glutinous white flour which previously has been
stirred with pepper, chili, and onion powder in a certain dose to produce malleable dough. Yeast strain
was then added to 5 w/w% final yeast content under gently stirring. Afterwards, the mixture was formed
in 3 cm of flat round of immobilized yeast, incubated at 32oC for 72 hours and dried at room temperature.
2.3. Ethanol fermentation
Glucose was subjected to ethanol fermentation by yeast stain for both of non-immobilized and
immobilized yeast under anaerobic condition (pH 4.8; 32oC; mixing rate: 150 rpm). To the fermentation
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Yeast strain
Three commercial yeast strains were used in the experiments, they are yeast strain from local market,
commercial yeast strain widely known as fermipan, and yeast strain from Madukismo sugar factory in
Yogyakarta; labeled A, B, and C respectively. Yeast strain A was in fine granule form, yeast strain B was
in 1.5 cm flat round brittle dry yeast, while yeast C was culture stock maintained on YPG agar medium.
2.2. Immobilization
Sugarcane water was added gradually to the flour or glutinous white flour which previously has been
stirred with pepper, chili, and onion powder in a certain dose to produce malleable dough. Yeast strain
was then added to 5 w/w% final yeast content under gently stirring. Afterwards, the mixture was formed
in 3 cm of flat round of immobilized yeast, incubated at 32oC for 72 hours and dried at room temperature.
2.3. Ethanol fermentation
Glucose was subjected to ethanol fermentation by yeast stain for both of non-immobilized and
immobilized yeast under anaerobic condition (pH 4.8; 32oC; mixing rate: 150 rpm). To the fermentation
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