Fig. 4.
Principal components analysis (PCA) of functional traits affecting tree species in primary forest (PF), secondary forests [abandoned area far from the village (AFV) and abandoned area near the village (ANV)], and enrichment plantations [plantation of mixed species (PMS) and plantation of one species (PPS)]. The contributions of PC1 and PC2 were 38% and 24%, respectively. The species correspond to the numbers in Table A1.