Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var Italica) is a well-recognizedhealth-promoting vegetable, due to its high content of beneficialcompounds. Despite the economic importance of broccoli as a plantcommodity in the food industry, and the fact that it is moderatelysalt-tolerant, no data concerning the combined effects of elevated[CO2] and salt stress on aquaporins abundance and expression andwater relations are available. Therefore, this study focused par-ticularly on the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and salinityon the regulation of water relations and related parameters (suchas root hydraulic conductance, water and osmotic potential andleaf turgor) through the abundance of aquaporins in the roots andleaves of B. oleracea in order to determine plant acclimation toboth environmental conditions in the frame of climatic change inarid/semiarid regions. Since aquaporins are related to whole planthydraulics we hypothesised that aquaporins could mediate in thecontrol of hydraulic conductivities in broccoli plants in response toelevated CO2. The fact that aquaporins may influence the amelio-rative effect that an enriched CO2atmosphere exerts on water useefficiency under salt stress was also checked. Thus, salt tolerance atan increased [CO2] is discussed in terms of plant water status andCO2assimilation.