Population and Sampling Framework
A total of 288 households from a total population of 1,783 farm households within DTDP were selected for interview using multi-stage sampling. The locations of survey samples are shown in Figure 1: Location of survey area). Using the household as the unit of analysis, four main sample strata were identified during a preliminary survey to maximize intragroup homogeneity and inter-group heterogeneity. Sample stratification was based on cropping systems and the distinct institutional contexts of each of these groups vis-à-vis land tenure, knowledge acquisition and preliminary assessment of technology adoption. The four dominant cropping systems were: integrated farming (multiple cropping), coffee, ornamentals and macadamia nuts. Coffee-growing households were further divided into three sub-strata, reflecting differences in land tenure and production arrangements. Stratum and substratum characteristics are summarized in the population and sampling framework shown in Table 2 (Household survey: population and sampling framework).