Historically, the dynasties after Qin avoided using the term changcheng to refer to their own "Great Walls", as the term was said to evoke imagery of Qin's tyranny.[10] Instead, historical records indicate the use of various terms such as "frontier" (塞 sai),[11] "rampart" (垣 yuan),[11] "barrier" (障 zhang),[11] "outer fortresses" (外堡 waibao),[12] and "border wall" (邊牆 bianqiang),[10] in addition to poetic and folk names like "purple frontier" (紫塞 zisai)[13] and "earth dragon" (土龍 tulong).[14] Only in modern times did changcheng become the catch-all term to refer to the long border walls regardless of location or dynastic origin, equivalent to the Western term "Great Wall"