It would be interesting to investigate the levels of salivary lactobacilli post-milk consumption to indicate the persistent of Lactobacillus paracasei SD1 in oral cavity. The results of the present study showed that probiotic intervention could be beneficial to those with the highest Streptococcus mutans counts. In any case, it seems obvious that cleft lip and palate patients with fixed orthodontic appliances constitute a very suitable group for further study.