Current evidencesuggestedthat D. scandens might becon-
sideredasapotentialalternativeforNSAIDsforthetreatmentof
musculoskeletal painsinceitsuse,astraditionalmedicineand
listed productinNLEM.Theuseof D. scandens as alternative
medicine couldsupportlocaleconomysysteminThailandandit
might besaferthanNSAIDsinlong-termuse.Concomitantuseof
D. scandens and NSAIDs,shouldbeavoidedduetotheirsimilar
AEs. However,giventhattheoverallqualityofcurrentstudiesis
low withshortperiodoffollow-up, firm conclusionsontheefficacy
andsafetyof D. scandens cannotbedrawn.Interpretationof
currentevidenceshouldbedonewithcautionandfurtherstudies
with higherqualityremainneeded.Inaddition,doseresponse
effect andlong-termuseofstandardized D. scandens products
should befurtherinvestigated.