Protoplast fusion: PEG method
The following protocol for the chemical PEG (polyethylene
glycol) method of protoplast fusion is simple, efficient,
inexpensive and non-toxic to plant protoplasts. Electrofusion
also works quite well (Guo and Deng 1998). Mix
approximately equal volumes of purified protoplasts from
each parental source in BH3 medium (Table 2) and centrifuge
for 4 min at 100 g. Resuspend the pellet of mixed
protoplasts in a volume of BH3 medium equal to 4 9 to
20 9 the volume of the original pellet (10 9 is recommended
for initial experiments, with subsequent adjustments
based on obtained plating efficiencies). Pipette two
drops of the resuspended mixture into 60 9 15 plastic Petri
dishes. Immediately add 2 drops of fresh PEG solution
(40% polyethylene glycol 8000, 0.3 M glucose, and
66 mM CaCl2 at pH = 6) to each fusion Petri dish and
incubate 8 min. If using stored PEG solution, it may be
necessary to readjust the pH. Add 2 drops of A ? B
solution (9:1 v:v mixed immediately prior to use,
A = 0.4 M glucose, 66 mM CaCl2, and 10% dimethylsulfoxide
at pH = 6; and B = 0.3 M glycine at pH = 10.5
using KOH pellets) to each fusion Petri dish. Following
another incubation of 12 min, add 12–15 drops of BH3
medium to the periphery of the fusing protoplasts. After a
5 min incubation, carefully remove the PEG plus [A ? B]
solution with a Pasteur pipette (without removing protoplasts)
and replace it with 15 drops BH3 medium. After
incubating another 10 min, remove the BH3 medium with
a Pasteur pipette and replace it with 12–15 drops fresh BH3
medium. Repeat this washing step two more times, always
carefully avoiding the loss of protoplasts. After the final
wash, protoplasts can be cultured directly in the fusion
Petri dish either in a shallow pool (8–12 drops medium) or
Protoplast fusion: PEG method
The following protocol for the chemical PEG (polyethylene
glycol) method of protoplast fusion is simple, efficient,
inexpensive and non-toxic to plant protoplasts. Electrofusion
also works quite well (Guo and Deng 1998). Mix
approximately equal volumes of purified protoplasts from
each parental source in BH3 medium (Table 2) and centrifuge
for 4 min at 100 g. Resuspend the pellet of mixed
protoplasts in a volume of BH3 medium equal to 4 9 to
20 9 the volume of the original pellet (10 9 is recommended
for initial experiments, with subsequent adjustments
based on obtained plating efficiencies). Pipette two
drops of the resuspended mixture into 60 9 15 plastic Petri
dishes. Immediately add 2 drops of fresh PEG solution
(40% polyethylene glycol 8000, 0.3 M glucose, and
66 mM CaCl2 at pH = 6) to each fusion Petri dish and
incubate 8 min. If using stored PEG solution, it may be
necessary to readjust the pH. Add 2 drops of A ? B
solution (9:1 v:v mixed immediately prior to use,
A = 0.4 M glucose, 66 mM CaCl2, and 10% dimethylsulfoxide
at pH = 6; and B = 0.3 M glycine at pH = 10.5
using KOH pellets) to each fusion Petri dish. Following
another incubation of 12 min, add 12–15 drops of BH3
medium to the periphery of the fusing protoplasts. After a
5 min incubation, carefully remove the PEG plus [A ? B]
solution with a Pasteur pipette (without removing protoplasts)
and replace it with 15 drops BH3 medium. After
incubating another 10 min, remove the BH3 medium with
a Pasteur pipette and replace it with 12–15 drops fresh BH3
medium. Repeat this washing step two more times, always
carefully avoiding the loss of protoplasts. After the final
wash, protoplasts can be cultured directly in the fusion
Petri dish either in a shallow pool (8–12 drops medium) or
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