1. Introduction Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRPs) is a fiber reinforced polymer made of a plastic matrix reinforced by fine fibers of glass. Fiber glass is a lightweight, strong, and robust material used in different industries due to their excellent properties. Although strength properties are somewhat lower than carbon fiber and it is less stiff, the material is typically far less brittle, and the raw materials are much less expensive [1]. Its bulk strength and weight properties are very favorable when compared to metals, and it can be easily formed using molding processes [2]. Now a days natural fibers such as sisal and jute fiber composite materials are replacing the glass and carbon fibers owing to their easy availability and cost [3]. The use of natural fibers is improved remarkably due to the fact that the field of application is improved day by day especially in automotive industries. Several researches have been taken place in this direction. Silva et al. [4] have developed the natural fibers/castor oil polyurethane composites and tested the fracture toughness. They have achieved the best fracture toughness performance for sisal fiber composites. The thermophysical properties of natural fiber reinforced polyester composites is carried out by Idicula et al. [5]. They have indicated that the natural fiber with glass allows a significantly better heat transport ability for the composites. Cicala et al. [6] have studied the properties and performance of various hybrid glass/natural fiber composites for the applications in curved pipes. Natural fibers are lighter and cheaper, but they have low mechanical properties than glass fibers. The use of hybrid fibers may solve this issue. Most of the studies on natural fibers are concerned with single reinforcement. The addition of natural fiber to the glass fiber can make the composite hybrid which is comparatively cheaper and easy to use. Panthapulakkal and Sain [7] studied the mechanical and thermal properties of hemp/glass fiber–polypropylene (PP) composite materials. They have observed that the use of hybrid composite material enhance the flexural and impact properties. In addition they have observed that the addition of glass fiber into hemp–PP composites resulted in improved thermal properties as well as the water resistance of the composites. Arbelaiz et al. [8] have developed flax fiber/polypropylene composites and studied the influence of fiber/matrix modification and glass fiber hybridization. They have reported that the tensile strength and modulus of hybrid glass/flax–PP composites depend on the glass/flax ratio. Thwe and Liao [9] have studied the durability of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites. They have studied the properties such as tensile strength and elastic modulus of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene (BFRP) and bamboo glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. They have indicated that the tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased after ageing. The tensile strength of the jute fiber is directly proportional to the cross sectional area of the fiber [10] and delamination of layer is possible [11]. Sisal–jute–GFRP hybrid composites are environment friendly and user friendly materials [12] and has very good elastic properties [13]. The method of disposal of GFRP and their recycling have been the serious issue [14,15] and the natural fiber composites plays very important role in the environmental situation and variety of applications [16]. The incorporation of natural fiber with GFRP improves the tensile, flexural and impact strength of the materials [17] and placing the GFRP layers at the ends possess good mechanical strength [18]. Natural fibers are chosen as reinforcement because they can reduce the tool wear when processing, respiratory irritation and serving as alternatives for artificial fiber composites in the increasing global energy crisis and ecological risks [19]. In the present study the mechanical properties of sisal–jute–glass fiber reinforced composite materials is studied. The sisal–jute–GFRP composite materials are manufactured by hand lay-up process. The properties such as tensile, flexural and impact are studied and presented in detail. The results indicated that the addition of sisal and jute in the glass fiber composite materials make the composite hybrid and it improves the properties.
1. Introduction Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRPs) is a fiber reinforced polymer made of a plastic matrix reinforced by fine fibers of glass. Fiber glass is a lightweight, strong, and robust material used in different industries due to their excellent properties. Although strength properties are somewhat lower than carbon fiber and it is less stiff, the material is typically far less brittle, and the raw materials are much less expensive [1]. Its bulk strength and weight properties are very favorable when compared to metals, and it can be easily formed using molding processes [2]. Now a days natural fibers such as sisal and jute fiber composite materials are replacing the glass and carbon fibers owing to their easy availability and cost [3]. The use of natural fibers is improved remarkably due to the fact that the field of application is improved day by day especially in automotive industries. Several researches have been taken place in this direction. Silva et al. [4] have developed the natural fibers/castor oil polyurethane composites and tested the fracture toughness. They have achieved the best fracture toughness performance for sisal fiber composites. The thermophysical properties of natural fiber reinforced polyester composites is carried out by Idicula et al. [5]. They have indicated that the natural fiber with glass allows a significantly better heat transport ability for the composites. Cicala et al. [6] have studied the properties and performance of various hybrid glass/natural fiber composites for the applications in curved pipes. Natural fibers are lighter and cheaper, but they have low mechanical properties than glass fibers. The use of hybrid fibers may solve this issue. Most of the studies on natural fibers are concerned with single reinforcement. The addition of natural fiber to the glass fiber can make the composite hybrid which is comparatively cheaper and easy to use. Panthapulakkal and Sain [7] studied the mechanical and thermal properties of hemp/glass fiber–polypropylene (PP) composite materials. They have observed that the use of hybrid composite material enhance the flexural and impact properties. In addition they have observed that the addition of glass fiber into hemp–PP composites resulted in improved thermal properties as well as the water resistance of the composites. Arbelaiz et al. [8] have developed flax fiber/polypropylene composites and studied the influence of fiber/matrix modification and glass fiber hybridization. They have reported that the tensile strength and modulus of hybrid glass/flax–PP composites depend on the glass/flax ratio. Thwe and Liao [9] have studied the durability of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites. They have studied the properties such as tensile strength and elastic modulus of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene (BFRP) and bamboo glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. They have indicated that the tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased after ageing. The tensile strength of the jute fiber is directly proportional to the cross sectional area of the fiber [10] and delamination of layer is possible [11]. Sisal–jute–GFRP hybrid composites are environment friendly and user friendly materials [12] and has very good elastic properties [13]. The method of disposal of GFRP and their recycling have been the serious issue [14,15] and the natural fiber composites plays very important role in the environmental situation and variety of applications [16]. The incorporation of natural fiber with GFRP improves the tensile, flexural and impact strength of the materials [17] and placing the GFRP layers at the ends possess good mechanical strength [18]. Natural fibers are chosen as reinforcement because they can reduce the tool wear when processing, respiratory irritation and serving as alternatives for artificial fiber composites in the increasing global energy crisis and ecological risks [19]. In the present study the mechanical properties of sisal–jute–glass fiber reinforced composite materials is studied. The sisal–jute–GFRP composite materials are manufactured by hand lay-up process. The properties such as tensile, flexural and impact are studied and presented in detail. The results indicated that the addition of sisal and jute in the glass fiber composite materials make the composite hybrid and it improves the properties.
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