Constrains of proficiency, ethnicity, gender and profession on language choice are also reported.
With reference to proficiency, McClure (1977) argues that children start switching when they had
acquired considerable linguistic proficiency in that language (cited in Appel and Muysken,
1990), whereas David (1999) reports that lack of proficiency in the ethnic language can account
for a shift. As far as ethnic identity is concerned, Gal (1979) says that the choice of language can
be predicted if one knows the identity of the informant and of the interlocutor. Pool (1979) also
indicates the effect of ethnicity on language choice when says that the language to which a
speaker shifts is a better predictor of his/her ethnic background than is the language from which
he/she shifts. In relation to the influence of gender in shaping the patterns of language choice, Lu
(1988) reports that differences in age, education, gender and residence show different attitudes
towards maintenance and legitimate status for the native languages. Chan (1994), however, finds
no significant gender difference in the language use of the Minnanrens’ (cited in Hsi-nan Yeh et
al., 2004).
Constrains of proficiency, ethnicity, gender and profession on language choice are also reported.
With reference to proficiency, McClure (1977) argues that children start switching when they had
acquired considerable linguistic proficiency in that language (cited in Appel and Muysken,
1990), whereas David (1999) reports that lack of proficiency in the ethnic language can account
for a shift. As far as ethnic identity is concerned, Gal (1979) says that the choice of language can
be predicted if one knows the identity of the informant and of the interlocutor. Pool (1979) also
indicates the effect of ethnicity on language choice when says that the language to which a
speaker shifts is a better predictor of his/her ethnic background than is the language from which
he/she shifts. In relation to the influence of gender in shaping the patterns of language choice, Lu
(1988) reports that differences in age, education, gender and residence show different attitudes
towards maintenance and legitimate status for the native languages. Chan (1994), however, finds
no significant gender difference in the language use of the Minnanrens’ (cited in Hsi-nan Yeh et
al., 2004).
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