Depending on your point of view, the advent of modern merit systems is either an economic,
political, or moral development. Economic historians would maintain that the demands of industrial
expansion—a dependable postal service, a viable transportation network, and so on—necessitated
a government service based on merit. Political analysts could argue rather persuasively that it was
the demands of an expanded suffrage and democratic rhetoric that sought to replace favoritism with
merit. Economic and political considerations are so intertwined that it is impossible to say which factor
is the true origin of the merit system. The moral impetus behind reform is even more difficult to
define. As moral impulses tend to hide economic and political motives, the weight of moral concern
undiluted by other considerations is impossible to measure. Nevertheless, the cosmetic effect of moral
overtones was of significant aid to the civil service reform movement, because it accentuated the social
legitimacy of the reform proposals.
Depending on your point of view, the advent of modern merit systems is either an economic,political, or moral development. Economic historians would maintain that the demands of industrialexpansion—a dependable postal service, a viable transportation network, and so on—necessitateda government service based on merit. Political analysts could argue rather persuasively that it wasthe demands of an expanded suffrage and democratic rhetoric that sought to replace favoritism withmerit. Economic and political considerations are so intertwined that it is impossible to say which factoris the true origin of the merit system. The moral impetus behind reform is even more difficult todefine. As moral impulses tend to hide economic and political motives, the weight of moral concernundiluted by other considerations is impossible to measure. Nevertheless, the cosmetic effect of moralovertones was of significant aid to the civil service reform movement, because it accentuated the sociallegitimacy of the reform proposals.
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