The trend of age-group distribution, with increasingly larger numbers Life expectancy rose from 57 years in 1960 to about 70 years These demographic changes reflect both improved health care conditions and modernization of the lifestyleby the early 1980s; at the beginning of the 21st century, it had reached the late 70s. by the predominantly urban population. Also ascribed to the same factors is the dramatic decline during the late 20th century in infant mortality and in the fertility rate. Chile’s crude death rate is lower than that of most of its South American neighbours.