The global economy is increasingly interconnected, yet the firms achieving significant growth differ markedly from country to country. In this paper, we propose a rudimentary framework of comparative strategic management (CSM) and use BRIC countries to elucidate the major components of this framework, including (1) comparison in institutional, economic, and socio-cultural environments, (2) comparison in strategic orientation, strategy formulation, and strategy implementation, (3) comparison in capability possession, deployment, and upgrading, and (4) comparison in strategic alignments and their performance implications. Future research may reference this framework as a platform to further probe trends, nuances and insights in comparative environments, comparative capabilities, and comparative strategies across emerging economies. The CSM approach can advance our understanding of what is common and what is not among different emerging economies concerning numerous strategic management issues so as to help firms competing in these markets optimize their strategic decisions and bolster their organizational legitimacy.