By drying under reduced pressure (25–100 mm Hg), one is able to obtain a more complete removal of water and volatiles without decomposition within a 3–6-h drying time. Vacuum ovens need a dry air purge in addition to temperature and vacuum controls to operate within method definition. In older methods, a vacuum flask is used, partially filled with concentrated sulfuric acid as the desiccant. One or two air bubbles per second are passed through the acid. Recent changes now stipulate an air trap that is filled with calcium sulfate containing an indicator to show moisture saturation. Between the trap and the vacuum oven is an appropriately sized rotameter to measure air flow (100–120 ml/min) into the oven..