3.7. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
In order to study the nanostructures of thermal activated surfactant-hydration
treated Ca(OH)2, TEM analysis was performed
to determine the average particle size of treated samples (Fig. 6).
The TEM image of CS-CaO derived from high combustion temperature
(800 C) showed irregular shape of aggregated particles with
sizes ranging from 121 to 154 nm, which is corresponded to the
non-uniform particles pattern in SEM image (Fig. 5a). The particle
size distribution of treated samples were compared with STD
nano-Ca(OH)2 (32–53 nm). EG and DE surfactant treated samples rendered comparable particle distribution as standard Ca(OH)2,
with floccules-like spherical shape in nanosizes of 25–42 nm and
46–57 nm for CS-Ca(OH)2-EG-400 and CS-Ca(OH)2-DE-400
(Fig. 6b–d), respectively. TEM images for CS-Ca(OH)2-CTAB-400
suggested that poor dispersion effect of CTAB surfactant on controlling
the growth of particle structures for Ca(OH)2. The sample
exhibited large agglomerated cube-like particles in size of
138 nm, which was concomitant with lower BET surface area and
large crystallite sizes from XRD analysis (Fig. 6e). Furthermore, surfactant
free treated sample (CS-Ca(OH)2-H2O-400) also showed
less particle controlling effect as compared to EG and DE surfactants
treated samples. The formation of larger particles could be
assigned to particle growth due to lack of dispersion effect of
H2O and CTAB during synthesis process [58].
3.7. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)In order to study the nanostructures of thermal activated surfactant-hydrationtreated Ca(OH)2, TEM analysis was performedto determine the average particle size of treated samples (Fig. 6).The TEM image of CS-CaO derived from high combustion temperature(800 C) showed irregular shape of aggregated particles withsizes ranging from 121 to 154 nm, which is corresponded to thenon-uniform particles pattern in SEM image (Fig. 5a). The particlesize distribution of treated samples were compared with STDnano-Ca(OH)2 (32–53 nm). EG and DE surfactant treated samples rendered comparable particle distribution as standard Ca(OH)2,with floccules-like spherical shape in nanosizes of 25–42 nm and46–57 nm for CS-Ca(OH)2-EG-400 and CS-Ca(OH)2-DE-400(Fig. 6b–d), respectively. TEM images for CS-Ca(OH)2-CTAB-400suggested that poor dispersion effect of CTAB surfactant on controllingthe growth of particle structures for Ca(OH)2. The sampleexhibited large agglomerated cube-like particles in size of138 nm, which was concomitant with lower BET surface area andlarge crystallite sizes from XRD analysis (Fig. 6e). Furthermore, surfactantfree treated sample (CS-Ca(OH)2-H2O-400) also showedless particle controlling effect as compared to EG and DE surfactantstreated samples. The formation of larger particles could beassigned to particle growth due to lack of dispersion effect ofH2O และ CTAB ในระหว่างกระบวนการสังเคราะห์ [58]
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