In addition to plants inoculated for use in qPCR applications, additional ears for both B73 and TZAR101 for each treatment were collected at full maturity (~60 DAP, seed moisture level < 15%) for aflatoxin analysis in order to confirm their resistance under Louisiana field conditions in 2012. In each biological replicate, up to 10 plants each were used as non-treated controls, wounded, and inoculated treatments. Kernels surrounding the inoculation sites, approximately 20 g, were removed for aflatoxin analysis using an AgraQuant total aflatoxin ELISA test kit (Romer Labs, Union, MO,USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions [34]