INTRODUCTION
With one-quarter of the world’s adult population estimated to have hypertension, totaling nearly one-billion, and with the worldwide prevalence of hypertension projected to increase 60% by 2025, the primary prevention of hypertension has become a global public health challenge[1]. Current guidelines recommend increasing physical activity as a means to prevent hypertension[2–5]. These guidelines stem from a large body of literature demonstrating the protective effects of physical activity and exercise. The earliest study to demonstrate the potential protective effects of physical activity in hypertension prevention was published in 1968 by Paffenbarger et al. who showed that men who self-reported exercising more than 5 hours/week experienced a lower incidence of hypertension two to three decades later in life[6]. Following this observation, the first interventional study to demonstrate the blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of exercise was published in 1970 by Boyer and Kasch who showed that an aerobic interval training program 2 days/week elicited reductions in BP in both hypertensive and normotensive men[7].
Over the past four to five decades since these publications, accumulating data has generally yielded consistent findings regarding the protective effects of physical activity in the prevention of hypertension. However, many unanswered questions remain regarding the optimal prescription for hypertension prevention. In recent years several important prospective studies and meta-analyses of intervention data have been published which have investigated the many nuanced components of physical activity in relation to hypertension prevention and may help to address some of the previously unanswered questions. The purpose of this report is to review the most recent evidence for the role of physical activity in the prevention of hypertension and discuss the recent studies that have sought to address these unanswered questions.
INTRODUCTIONWith one-quarter of the world’s adult population estimated to have hypertension, totaling nearly one-billion, and with the worldwide prevalence of hypertension projected to increase 60% by 2025, the primary prevention of hypertension has become a global public health challenge[1]. Current guidelines recommend increasing physical activity as a means to prevent hypertension[2–5]. These guidelines stem from a large body of literature demonstrating the protective effects of physical activity and exercise. The earliest study to demonstrate the potential protective effects of physical activity in hypertension prevention was published in 1968 by Paffenbarger et al. who showed that men who self-reported exercising more than 5 hours/week experienced a lower incidence of hypertension two to three decades later in life[6]. Following this observation, the first interventional study to demonstrate the blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of exercise was published in 1970 by Boyer and Kasch who showed that an aerobic interval training program 2 days/week elicited reductions in BP in both hypertensive and normotensive men[7].Over the past four to five decades since these publications, accumulating data has generally yielded consistent findings regarding the protective effects of physical activity in the prevention of hypertension. However, many unanswered questions remain regarding the optimal prescription for hypertension prevention. In recent years several important prospective studies and meta-analyses of intervention data have been published which have investigated the many nuanced components of physical activity in relation to hypertension prevention and may help to address some of the previously unanswered questions. The purpose of this report is to review the most recent evidence for the role of physical activity in the prevention of hypertension and discuss the recent studies that have sought to address these unanswered questions.
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