(OC), CO/CO2 generation, and gas temperature rise (GTR). This study
mainly uses oxygen consumption (OC), which measures the
consumption of O2 or the generation of CO/CO2 in combustion, and
determines the heat release rate based on the observation that
a constant amount of heat is released per mass unit of O2 consumed
and CO/CO2 generated [10,11]. The data measured from the gas
analyzer is a volume fraction. Due to the analyzer detection
requirements, the moisture in the exhaust gas sample must be
removed. Gas expansion due to combustion also affects the volume
fraction. To obtain a more accurate calculation, this research uses
the equations developed by Parker [12] and Janssens [13]. The gas
temperature rise (GTR) approach, computing the heat release rate
by the enthalpy difference before and after combustion, is also
used.