Secondary outcomes included the number of hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and process measures. In both groups, all cause hospitalizations and emergency department visit were extracted from the hospital clinical infomation system. The process measures included the implementation of treatment or management recommendations for the comorbidities associated with chronic kidney disease. Specifically, the use of acetylsalicylic acid(ASA) for cardiac prophylaxis; ACE-inhibitor, or angiotensin receptor blocker use for cardiac/renal protection; erythropoiesis-stimulating agent for anemia; statin for hyperlipidemia; phosphase binder for hyperphosphatemia; and calcitriol for hyperparathyroidism or hypocalcemia (21-23). In addition, we assessed whether laboratory tests were ordered to evaluate hyperlipidemia