The Renaissance brought continued development of fluid systems and
machines, but more importantly, the scientific method was perfected and
adopted throughout Europe. Simon Stevin (1548–1617), Galileo Galilei
(1564–1642), Edme Mariotte (1620–1684), and Evangelista Torricelli
(1608–1647) were among the first to apply the method to fluids as they
investigated hydrostatic pressure distributions and vacuums. That work was
integrated and refined by the brilliant mathematician, Blaise Pascal (1623–
1662). The Italian monk, Benedetto Castelli (1577–1644) was the first person
to publish a statement of the continuity principle for fluids. Besides formulating
his equations of motion for solids, Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727)
applied his laws to fluids and explored fluid inertia and resistance, free jets,
and viscosity. That effort was built upon by the Swiss Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) and his associate Leonard Euler (1707–1783). Together, their
work defined the energy and momentum equations. Bernoulli’s 1738 classic
treatise Hydrodynamica may be considered the first fluid mechanics text.
Finally, Jean d’Alembert (1717–1789) developed the idea of velocity and
acceleration components, a differential expression of continuity, and his
“paradox” of zero resistance to steady uniform motion.
The Renaissance brought continued development of fluid systems andmachines, but more importantly, the scientific method was perfected andadopted throughout Europe. Simon Stevin (1548–1617), Galileo Galilei(1564–1642), Edme Mariotte (1620–1684), and Evangelista Torricelli(1608–1647) were among the first to apply the method to fluids as theyinvestigated hydrostatic pressure distributions and vacuums. That work wasintegrated and refined by the brilliant mathematician, Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). The Italian monk, Benedetto Castelli (1577–1644) was the first personto publish a statement of the continuity principle for fluids. Besides formulatinghis equations of motion for solids, Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727)applied his laws to fluids and explored fluid inertia and resistance, free jets,and viscosity. That effort was built upon by the Swiss Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) and his associate Leonard Euler (1707–1783). Together, theirwork defined the energy and momentum equations. Bernoulli’s 1738 classictreatise Hydrodynamica may be considered the first fluid mechanics text.Finally, Jean d’Alembert (1717–1789) developed the idea of velocity andacceleration components, a differential expression of continuity, and his“paradox” of zero resistance to steady uniform motion.
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