Here, the ohmic serial
resistance (Rs) is associated with the series resistance of the electrolytes
and electric contacts in the W-typed DSSMs. These three
semicircles indicated the Rs, R1, R2, and R3 of an equivalent circuit,
as shown under the table. With the exception of R3, the values increased
with increasing TiO2 film width, particularly the Rs values,
which means that the ohmic serial resistance on FTO glass was significantly
larger, depending on the TiO2 film width. The surface
resistance