However, further detailed studies of
the effect of Ti on the solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of castings produced by traditional investment casting have not yet been carried out for the ferritic
stainless steel type UNS S44100 with Ti-Nb dual stabilization. In
order to reduce the amount of machining and production cost
caused by rolling and forging technology, a European car company has recently made a positive attempt on manufacturing
exhaust manifold castings of UNS S44100 ferritic stainless steel
by investment casting.