Early childhood is not only the time that the brain develops most rapidly but a critical window of opportunity for establishing children's immunity and, therefore, the foundation of good health and optimal productivity in the future. Moreover, a sick and neglected child serves as a drain on parental productivity and family resources. The experiences of numerous countries show that effective ECD programming results in the establishment of service delivery systems and strengthened capacity of families and community institutions that automatically increase child survival and enhance the health and well-being of the entire population, in addition to promoting optimal development for the future.