Because no inhibition zone was found along the fabric edges, the antibacterial function could be due to the chemical reactions between bacterial cells and components of capsaicin. It has been reported that when special polycationic components are non-diffusibly embedded within a silica matrix layer, interaction between positively charged biocidal additives and negatively charged microbial cell membranes can cause leakage of protein and other intracellular constituents, which interrupts microbes’ proliferation and colonization. Therefore, immobilization of biocides in such a coating matrix offers a long-term antimicrobial protection for the coated substrate. It might also avoid the transfer of biocide chemicals to the users.