Barbara Cooper, the new CIO of TMS started by trying to identify the problems. Cooper realized that adata warehouse was needed. A data warehouse is a central repository of historical data, organized insuch a way that it is easy to access (using Web browser) and it can be manipulated for decision support.(See the discussion of data warehousing later in this chapter and in Chapter 5) Cooper also saw thatsoftware tools to process, mine and manipulate the data were needed. A system was therefore set up toprovide real-time, accurate data. Unfortunately, the system included years of human errors that hadgone unnoticed, including inconsistent duplicated data as well as missing data. This resulted inerroneous result and analysis. In addition, the new system lacked capabilities to provide what managersneeded. By 1999, it had become clear that the solution did not work. It was the right concept but usedthe wrong technology from the wrong vendors. In 2002, Toyota switched to a better technology. Th