However, when the men and women in the sample were asked to describe their own leadership style as either people-oriented, participative, or directive (leading from the front), Wajcman found no significant difference between the women’s and men’s responses: 81 percent of all respondents described their leadership style as participative (1998, p. 70). In sharp contrast to Rosener’s (1990) study, Wafcman’s findings reveal a gap between the rhetoric of female leadership theory and the reality of practice in the workplace. Wajcman argues that senior managers of both sexes in positions with equivalent status and power behave in broadly similar ways (p.75).