At the 9-month and 12–18-month follow-ups, parental presence generally accounted for more variance in sleep outcomes compared to breastfeeding. At the 9-month follow-up, parental presence accounted for 25% of the variance in longest continuous sleep period, 31% of total sleep time at night, 14% of sleep onset latency and 12% of waking in own bed. Of these outcomes, breastfeeding contributed significantly only to decreased likelihood of waking in own bed