MammalianBiologyjournalhomepage:www

MammalianBiologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/mambioOriginalInvestigationDistributionofmusclefibersinskeletalmusclesofthecheetah(Acinonyxjubatus)MegumiGotoa,MinakoKawaic,MizukiNakataa,KazuhikoItamotoe,HirofumiMiyatac,YusukeIkebed,TakamitsuTajimab,NaomiWadaa,∗aDepartmentofSystemPhysiology,YamaguchiUniversity,YamaguchiCity753-8515,JapanbHondaR&DCo.,Ltd.,Tochigi321-3393,JapancDepartmentofBiologicalSciences,GraduateSchoolofMedicine,YamaguchiUniversity,Yamaguchi753-8515,JapandAkiyoshidaiWildAnimalPark,Yamaguchi753-0302,JapaneAnimalMedicalCenter,YamaguchiUniversity,YamaguchiCity753-8515,JapanarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received2March2012Accepted2July2012Keywords:CheetahMusclefibertypeDomesticcatBeagledogabstractWeexaminethemusclefiberpopulationofskeletalmusclesfromwholebodyinthecheetah(Acinonyxjubatus).Inthepresentexperiments,weshowedthecharacteristicsoffibercompositioninthecheetahbycomparativestudiesamongthecheetah,domesticcat,andthebeagledog.Fiberpopulationwasdeterminedonmusclefibersstainedwithmonoclonalantibodytoeachmyosinheavychainisoform.HistochemicalanalysisdemonstratedthatmanymusclesinthecheetahanddomesticcathadalowpercentageofTypeIfibersandahighpercentageofTypeIIxfibers,whilethoseinthebeagledogshowedahighpercentageofTypeIIa.ThehindlimbmusclesinthecheetahhadahigherpercentageofTypeII(TypeIIa+IIx)fiberthantheforelimbmuscles.Thisfactsuggeststhatthepropulsiveroleofthehindlimbisgreaterthantheforelimbinthecheetah.ThelongissimusinthecheetahhadahighpercentageofTypeIIxfibersoverawiderangefromthethoracictolumbarparts,whilethepopulationofmusclefibersinthismusclewasdifferentdependingonthepartsinthedomesticcatandbeagledog.Thisindicatesthatthecheetahcanproduceastrongandquickextensionofthespinalcolumnandincreaseitsstiffnessduringlocomotion.Furthermore,wefoundthenotabledifferenceofmusclefibertypepopulationbetweenflexorsandextensorsofdigitsinthecheetah.Thepresentexperimentsshowthecharacteristicsofmusclefibersinthecheetah,correspondedtoitsabilitytoperformhigh-speedrunning.©2012DeutscheGesellschaftfürSäugetierkunde.PublishedbyElsevierGmbH.Allrightsreserved.IntroductionThecheetah(Acinonyxjubatus)isthebestsprinteronearth(Alexander,2003).Ithasbeenreportedthatitsrunningspeedreachesataround29m/s(Sharp,1997)andmainlydependsonpro-longationofthestridelength(Alexander,2003).Thecheetahuseslargeangularmovementsofthelimbjointsandbendingofthespinetoprolongthestridelength(Gambaryan,1974;Hildebrand,1959,1961).Themovementsareproducedbyactivationofthemuscles.Tounderstandthemovementsduringrunninginthecheetah,thestudiesofmusclesinthecheetahareindispensable.Hudsonetal.extensivelystudiedtheskeletalmusclesinthecheetah.Theycal-culatedthephysiologicalcross-sectionalarea(PCSA)andmomentarm,andshowedthatthecheetahexhibitsseveraluniqueskele-taladaptationsthatmostlyacttoincreasemusclemomentarm(Hudsonetal.,2011a,b).PCSAwascalculatedasthemusclevol-ume/fasciclelength.Maximumisometriccontractionforce(Fmax)∗Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone].E-mailaddress:[e-mail](N.Wada).wasestimatedbyPCSA(Wells,1965;Medler,2002),andPCSAisusefultounderstandthebalanceofFmaxamongmanykindsofskeletalmuscle.Itiswellknownthattheskeletalmusclescontaindifferenttypesofmusclefiber(Burke,1981).ThemusclefiberscanbeclassifiedintoTypeI,TypeIIa,TypeIIbandTypeIIxbystainimgwithmono-clonalantibodyforeachmyosinheavychainisoformandmetabolicenzymeactivities(PetteandStaron,1993,1997).TypeIisamus-clefiberwithahighmetaboliccostofmaintenanceandasmallforceoutput,TypeIIaisamusclefiberwithhighmetaboliccostofmaintenanceandlargerforceoutput,andTypeIIbisamusclefiberwithalowmetaboliccostformaintenanceandalargestforceout-put.TypeIIxhasintermediatecharacteristicsbetweenTypeIIaandIIb.Asinglemotorneuronandthemusclefibersthatitinnervatescompriseamotorunit.Themotoneuronpropertiesareexquisitelymatchedtothepropertiesofthemotorunitssupplyingthemus-clesandthepropertiesofthemusclesthemselves(Burke,1991).Therearesystematicdifferencesinthesize,excitability,andcor-respondingvariationofspeed,power,andenduranceindifferenttypesofmotorunit.MotorunitsareclassifiedintoS,FR,FI,andFFtypes(Burke,1991).ThemusclefibersinS,FR,FI,andFFtypes1616-5047/$–seefrontmatter©2012DeutscheGesellschaftfürSäugetierkunde.PublishedbyElsevierGmbH.Allrightsreserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2012.07.001

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

MegumiGotoa (Acinonyxjubatus) ใน MammalianBiologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/mambioOriginalInvestigationDistributionofmusclefibersinskeletalmusclesofthecheetah, MinakoKawaic, MizukiNakataa, KazuhikoItamotoe, HirofumiMiyatac, YusukeIkebed, TakamitsuTajimab, NaomiWadaa, ∗aDepartmentofSystemPhysiology, YamaguchiUniversity, YamaguchiCity753-8515, JapanbHondaR และ DCo. Ltd., Tochigi321-3393, JapancDepartmentofBiologicalSciences, GraduateSchoolofMedicine, YamaguchiUniversity, Yamaguchi753-8515, JapandAkiyoshidaiWildAnimalPark, Yamaguchi753-0302, JapaneAnimalMedicalCenter, YamaguchiUniversity, YamaguchiCity753-8515, JapanarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received2March2012Accepted2July2012Keywords: CheetahMusclefibertypeDomesticcatBeagledogabstractWeexaminethemusclefiberpopulationofskeletalmusclesfromwholebodyinthecheetah(Acinonyxjubatus) Inthepresentexperiments, weshowedthecharacteristicsoffibercompositioninthecheetahbycomparativestudiesamongthecheetah, domesticcat, andthebeagledog Fiberpopulationwasdeterminedonmusclefibersstainedwithmonoclonalantibodytoeachmyosinheavychainisoform.HistochemicalanalysisdemonstratedthatmanymusclesinthecheetahanddomesticcathadalowpercentageofTypeIfibersandahighpercentageofTypeIIxfibers,whilethoseinthebeagledogshowedahighpercentageofTypeIIa.ThehindlimbmusclesinthecheetahhadahigherpercentageofTypeII(TypeIIa+IIx)fiberthantheforelimbmuscles. Thisfactsuggeststhatthepropulsiveroleofthehindlimbisgreaterthantheforelimbinthecheetah.ThelongissimusinthecheetahhadahighpercentageofTypeIIxfibersoverawiderangefromthethoracictolumbarparts,whilethepopulationofmusclefibersinthismusclewasdifferentdependingonthepartsinthedomesticcatandbeagledog. Thisindicatesthatthecheetahcanproduceastrongandquickextensionofthespinalcolumnandincreaseitsstiffnessduringlocomotion.Furthermore,wefoundthenotabledifferenceofmusclefibertypepopulationbetweenflexorsandextensorsofdigitsinthecheetah. Thepresentexperimentsshowthecharacteristicsofmusclefibersinthecheetah,correspondedtoitsabilitytoperformhigh-speedrunning.©2012DeutscheGesellschaftfürSäugetierkunde.PublishedbyElsevierGmbH.Allrightsreserved.IntroductionThecheetah(Acinonyxjubatus)isthebestsprinteronearth(Alexander,2003). Ithasbeenreportedthatitsrunningspeedreachesataround29m/s(Sharp,1997)andmainlydependsonpro-longationofthestridelength(Alexander,2003) Thecheetahuseslargeangularmovementsofthelimbjointsandbendingofthespinetoprolongthestridelength (Gambaryan, 1974 Hildebrand, 1959, 1961) Themovementsareproducedbyactivationofthemuscles.Tounderstandthemovementsduringrunninginthecheetah,thestudiesofmusclesinthecheetahareindispensable Hudsonetal.extensivelystudiedtheskeletalmusclesinthecheetah.Theycal-culatedthephysiologicalcross-sectionalarea(PCSA)andmomentarm,andshowedthatthecheetahexhibitsseveraluniqueskele-taladaptationsthatmostlyacttoincreasemusclemomentarm(Hudsonetal.,2011a,b). PCSAwascalculatedasthemusclevol-ออฟฟิศ/fasciclelength Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone].E-mailaddress:[e-mail] Maximumisometriccontractionforce (Fmax) ∗ (N.Wada).wasestimatedbyPCSA (บ่อ 1965 Medler,2002),andPCSAisusefultounderstandthebalanceofFmaxamongmanykindsofskeletalmuscle.Itiswellknownthattheskeletalmusclescontaindifferenttypesofmusclefiber(Burke,1981) ThemusclefiberscanbeclassifiedintoTypeI,TypeIIa,TypeIIbandTypeIIxbystainimgwithmono-clonalantibodyforeachmyosinheavychainisoformandmetabolicenzymeactivities(PetteandStaron,1993,1997) TypeIisamus-clefiberwithahighmetaboliccostofmaintenanceandasmallforceoutput,TypeIIaisamusclefiberwithhighmetaboliccostofmaintenanceandlargerforceoutput,andTypeIIbisamusclefiberwithalowmetaboliccostformaintenanceandalargestforceout-put.TypeIIxhasintermediatecharacteristicsbetweenTypeIIaandIIb.Asinglemotorneuronandthemusclefibersthatitinnervatescompriseamotorunit.Themotoneuronpropertiesareexquisitelymatchedtothepropertiesofthemotorunitssupplyingthemus-clesandthepropertiesofthemusclesthemselves(Burke,1991). Therearesystematicdifferencesinthesize, excitability, andcor respondingvariationofspeed พลังงาน andenduranceindifferenttypesofmotorunit MotorunitsareclassifiedintoS,FR,FI,andFFtypes(Burke,1991) ThemusclefibersinS,FR,FI,andFFtypes1616-5047/$–seefrontmatter©2012DeutscheGesellschaftfürSäugetierkunde.PublishedbyElsevierGmbH.Allrightsreserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2012.07.001

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

mammalianbiologyjournalhomepage : www.elsevier . com / ค้นหา / mambiooriginalinvestigationdistributionofmusclefibersinskeletalmusclesofthecheetah ( acinonyxjubatus ) megumigotoa minakokawaic mizukinakataa kazuhikoitamotoe , , , , yusukeikebed hirofumimiyatac takamitsutajimab naomiwadaa , , , , adepartmentofsystemphysiology ∗ yamaguchiuniversity yamaguchicity753-8515 japanbhondar , , , & dco จำกัด tochigi321-3393 , ,japancdepartmentofbiologicalsciences graduateschoolofmedicine yamaguchiuniversity yamaguchi753-8515 , , , , japandakiyoshidaiwildanimalpark yamaguchi753-0302 , japaneanimalmedicalcenter yamaguchiuniversity yamaguchicity753-8515 , , , , received2march2012accepted2july2012keywords japanarticleinfoarticlehistory : :cheetahmusclefibertypedomesticcatbeagledogabstractweexaminethemusclefiberpopulationofskeletalmusclesfromwholebodyinthecheetah ( acinonyxjubatus ) inthepresentexperiments weshowedthecharacteristicsoffibercompositioninthecheetahbycomparativestudiesamongthecheetah domesticcat andthebeagledog.fiberpopulationwasdeterminedonmusclefibersstainedwithmonoclonalantibodytoeachmyosinheavychainisoform , , , .histochemicalanalysisdemonstratedthatmanymusclesinthecheetahanddomesticcathadalowpercentageoftypeifibersandahighpercentageoftypeiixfibers whilethoseinthebeagledogshowedahighpercentageoftypeiia , . thehindlimbmusclesinthecheetahhadahigherpercentageoftypeii ( typeiia iix ) fiberthantheforelimbmuscles.thisfactsuggeststhatthepropulsiveroleofthehindlimbisgreaterthantheforelimbinthecheetah .thelongissimusinthecheetahhadahighpercentageoftypeiixfibersoverawiderangefromthethoracictolumbarparts whilethepopulationofmusclefibersinthismusclewasdifferentdependingonthepartsinthedomesticcatandbeagledog.thisindicatesthatthecheetahcanproduceastrongandquickextensionofthespinalcolumnandincreaseitsstiffnessduringlocomotion.furthermore , ,wefoundthenotabledifferenceofmusclefibertypepopulationbetweenflexorsandextensorsofdigitsinthecheetah . thepresentexperimentsshowthecharacteristicsofmusclefibersinthecheetah correspondedtoitsabilitytoperformhigh , speedrunning . สงวนลิขสิทธิ์ 2012deutschegesellschaftf ü RS และ ugetierkunde . publishedbyelseviergmbh . allrightsreserved . introductionthecheetah ( acinonyxjubatus ) isthebestsprinteronearth ( Alexander , 2003 )ithasbeenreportedthatitsrunningspeedreachesataround29m / s ( คม 2540 ) andmainlydependsonpro longationofthestridelength ( Alexander , 2003 ) thecheetahuseslargeangularmovementsofthelimbjointsandbendingofthespinetoprolongthestridelength ( gambaryan , 1974 ; ฮิลเดอแบรน themovementsareproducedbyactivationofthemuscles.tounderstandthemovementsduringrunninginthecheetah , , 19591961 )thestudiesofmusclesinthecheetahareindispensable . hudsonetal . extensivelystudiedtheskeletalmusclesinthecheetah . theycal culatedthephysiologicalcross sectionalarea ( pcsa ) andmomentarm andshowedthatthecheetahexhibitsseveraluniqueskele , taladaptationsthatmostlyacttoincreasemusclemomentarm ( hudsonetal . 2011a , B ) pcsawascalculatedasthemusclevol อุเมะ / fasciclelength .maximumisometriccontractionforce ( fmax ) ∗ correspondingauthor . โทร . : 8108839335885 ; โทรสาร : 8108839335885 . e-mailaddress : นาโอมิ @ yamaguchi-u.ac.jp ( n.wada ) wasestimatedbypcsa ( เวลส์ , 1965 ; medler , 2002 ) , andpcsaisusefultounderstandthebalanceoffmaxamongmanykindsofskeletalmuscle . itiswellknownthattheskeletalmusclescontaindifferenttypesofmusclefiber ( เบิร์ค , 1981 ) themusclefiberscanbeclassifiedintotypei typeiia , ,typeiibandtypeiixbystainimgwithmono clonalantibodyforeachmyosinheavychainisoformandmetabolicenzymeactivities ( petteandstaron 19931997 , ) typeiisamus clefiberwithahighmetaboliccostofmaintenanceandasmallforceoutput typeiiaisamusclefiberwithhighmetaboliccostofmaintenanceandlargerforceoutput andtypeiibisamusclefiberwithalowmetaboliccostformaintenanceandalargestforceout , , ใส่typeiixhasintermediatecharacteristicsbetweentypeiiaandiib . asinglemotorneuronandthemusclefibersthatitinnervatescompriseamotorunit . themotoneuronpropertiesareexquisitelymatchedtothepropertiesofthemotorunitssupplyingthemus clesandthepropertiesofthemusclesthemselves ( เบิร์ค , 1991 ) therearesystematicdifferencesinthesize การใช้ถ้อยคำ andcor respondingvariationofspeed , , พลังงานandenduranceindifferenttypesofmotorunit . motorunitsareclassifiedintos , fr , FI , andfftypes ( เบิร์ค , 1991 ) themusclefibersins , fr , FI , andfftypes1616-5047 / $ – seefrontmatter สงวนลิขสิทธิ์ 2012deutschegesellschaftf ü RS และ ugetierkunde.publishedbyelseviergmbh.allrightsreserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2012.07.001