The relationship between type of clay and level of residuals together with the content of
the modifying agent can be seen. It is clear that the samples
with lower levels of residual had higher contents of the
Fig. 2. XRD patterns of Na-MMT and organoclays (a), relationship between
numbers of carbon atom of surfactant and d-spacing of organoclay (b).
Fig. 3. (a) DTG and (b) TGA thermograms of Na-MMT and organoclays (i.e.,
DO-12C, TET-14C, HEX-16C and OC-18C).
Fig. 4.