Reduced fertility in males is related to hormonal, malerelated diseases, such as varicocele, cryptorchidism and
testicular cancer, or severe exposure to chemicals, such
as pesticides that contain lindane,10,11 and drugs for the
treatment of cancer.12,13 Hormonal disturbances that may
lead to infertility include low plasma levels of testosterone
or gonadotropins or high plasma levels of estrogen.14
Indeed, there are reports that phytoestrogen diets may cause
reductions in male fertility.15,16