In this study it was observed that cleaners and waste collectors working in most of the HCEs within the patient wards or in the mortuary department usually did not wear sufficient PPE during waste handling. This was also true of DCC waste workers and workers at treatment facilities This was supported when participants were questioned about their understanding of occupational health; 78% reported that they did not use any chemicals or detergents
during the cleaning of equipment, while 73% of participants did not regularly wear PPE during waste handling, and only 18% wear PPE daily during waste handling. DCC and most HCEs failed
to provide any PPE to employees, while scavengers and other unofficial waste handlers had no opportunity to obtain PPE. A small proportion (7%) of HCE and DCC waste workers indicated that they had heard about protective uniforms, but had never seen them. Of the 9% who reported that they occasionally use PPE, most mentioned that they only do so when required to, often due to an official visit by external dignitaries.