3.5. Data Analysis. Following the guidelines for data analysis
of Lofland et al. [42], emerging initial codes were identified
from the transcripts and the field notes. Memos were used as
supplementary notes and background information to inform
the analysis. After an iterative process of refining the initial
codes, focused codes were applied to “clean” transcripts in an attempt to identify gaps or missing codes. The final analysis steps involved the development and refinement of the major themes, the identification of phrases that most accurately illustrated these themes, and diagramming, a process that facilitated an understanding of how the focused codes related to each other in order to conceptualize the larger picture [42].