Results
Quantification of rutin and quercitin in aqueous extract of leaves of Annona squamosa by HPLC.
Peaks for rutin and quercitin were determined in aqueous extract of A. squamosa and identified by comparing standard peaks of rutin and quercitin (Fig. 1).Blood glucose levels
Blood glucose levels are shown in Table 1. A significant increase in the levels of blood glucose was observed in diabetic rats when compared to control rats (P < 0.001). Administration of A. squamosa alone and with reduced (3.75 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg) and reducing (0.0 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 3.75 mg/kg) dose combination of Glipizide in diabetic rats decreased significantly the level of blood glucose (P < 0.001). Blood glucose level control was nearly the same with the reduced dose combination of Glipizide with A. squamosa as with Glipizide alone. In the reducing dose combination, blood glucose was also very similar to animals treated with Glipizide alone. No significant alteration in the body weights of the animals was found.
Kidney parameters
Lipid peroxidation
Table 2 shows the concentration of lipid peroxidation in kidneys of both control and experimental groups of rats. There was a significant (P < 0.001) elevation in tissue lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Administration of A. squamosa alone reduced and reducing dose of Glipizide in combination with A. squamosa significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxidase in diabetic rats. Reduced dose of Glipizide 3.75 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg in combination with A. squamosa showed similar results compared to Glipizide alone. The results of reducing dose combination of Glipizide with A. squamosa were very similar to Glipizide alone (see Fig. 2).Super oxide dismutase
The concentration of SOD in tissues decreased significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) in diabetic rats when compared with control group. Administration of A. squamosa alone and in reduced and reducing dose combination of Glipizide with A. squamosa extract showed better results as compared to Glipizide alone (Table 2).