which affords a spurious pedigree
to techniques, models, and procedures that have existed
in something close to their current incarnation for
certainly less than a century. The emergence of project management
is described in some detail by Morris (1997) and
Engwall (1995), highlighting its development in practice
through a number of major projects that can be traced back
to the Manhattan project in the 1940s. Although the U.S. oil
and chemicals industry played a major role in this period,
the majority of the groundwork was done in U.S. defence
and aeronautics in the 1950s,