A 45-MVA, 138/13.8-kV transformer with 200/5138-kV CTs and a typical 87T-relay pickup of 0.3 p.u.
Figure 3 illustrates the current distribution for a deltawye transformer ground fault.
The relay tap is set at the 45-MVA transformer rating (Tap = 4.71 A secondary
amps) and can respond only to a fault of 1.41 A (4.71 A x 0.3 = 1.41 A).
The ground fault current (0.58 A) is below the threshold of operation of the 87T phase differential.
The sensitive detection of secondary ground faults can be substantially increased through the addition of an 87GD ground differential relay, which uses a product approach, utilizing the following equation.
The relayoperating characteristic is