With regards to fresh yield with the same fat and protein content, both pH and the proportion of the B variant of κ-casein played a predominant role: an increase in 0.1 pH units induced a cheese yield decrease of 0.28 kg.(100 kg milk)–1 (P < 0.01) and a 10% increase in the frequency of the κ-casein B allele induced a 0.05 kg.(100 kg milk)–1 increase (P < 0.01).