procedure the researcher got the ethical approval from HOPE Nursing School of Wuhan University and obtained consent from the directors of the nursing department of the there hospital. the director of each of the nursing departments notified the psychiatric nurses in their respective hospital that they would be receiving a packet of questionnaires to complete if they would like to take part in the study . the packets of questionnaires were sent to the directors of the nursing departments by researcher and were delivered to every psychiatric nurse by the director of their respective nursing department.