Water quality monitoring and data
disclosure.Under the Water Pollution
Control Law, prefectural governors and the
mayors of designated cities regularly
monitor the water quality of public waters,
and the Ministry of the Environment
subsidizes the costs of this monitoring. The
governmentpromotesautomated
monitoring of water quality at key points in
public waters. As of FY 2002, prefectural
governments and designated cities had set
up automated water-quality monitoring
equipment stations in 125 locations and
regularly published details on water quality
in each location. Major waterways are also
monitored. At the end of FY 2001, the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and
Transport had set up automated water-
quality monitoring devices at 199 locations
in 93 major waterways nationwide under
the supervision of the River Management
Office.
Effluent standards and regulations for
industrial water use. The Water Pollution
Control Law sets effluent standards for
factories and other entities that emit certain
effluents into public waters (called
“specified facilities”). The standards specify
substances that could be harmful to human-
health (24 substances such as cadmium and
cyanide) and to the living-environment (16
items) and sets effluent limits for each. As of
FY 2001, these regulations were applied to
about 300,000 facilities.
The Law also requires certain factories and
facilities to install specified pollution-
control equipment. The governments can
ask facilities to report their effluent levels
and can verify with on-site inspections if
necessary. If the effluents from the facility
continue to violate the standards, the
government can impose fines and order
modifications of either the facilities or their
wastewater treatment methods. Firms that
emit toxins as part of their manufacturing
processes must pay compensation for the
harm caused to human health (no-fault
liability for compensation). The Law further
obliges specified facilities inside “specific
designated regions” to be subject to "total
pollutant load control" and regularly report
to the government their pollutant discharge
loads.
Public education for efficient water use.
Effluents from domestic activities such as
cooking, laundry, and bathing are a major
cause of pollution of public waters.
Therefore, the Water Pollution Control Law
specifies the general public's general
responsibilityforcooperationwith
government policy on water quality and
water conservation. However, there are
neither direct regulations nor penalties for
releasing domestic effluents. The Ministry
of the Environment has promoted education
to enhance the public's awareness of the
problem and to prompt efficient water use
and voluntary reduction is domestic
pollution loads.
Water quality monitoring and datadisclosure.Under the Water PollutionControl Law, prefectural governors and themayors of designated cities regularlymonitor the water quality of public waters,and the Ministry of the Environmentsubsidizes the costs of this monitoring. Thegovernmentpromotesautomatedmonitoring of water quality at key points inpublic waters. As of FY 2002, prefecturalgovernments and designated cities had setup automated water-quality monitoringequipment stations in 125 locations andregularly published details on water qualityin each location. Major waterways are alsomonitored. At the end of FY 2001, theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure andTransport had set up automated water-quality monitoring devices at 199 locationsin 93 major waterways nationwide underthe supervision of the River ManagementOffice.Effluent standards and regulations forindustrial water use. The Water PollutionControl Law sets effluent standards forfactories and other entities that emit certaineffluents into public waters (called“specified facilities”). The standards specifysubstances that could be harmful to human-health (24 substances such as cadmium andcyanide) and to the living-environment (16items) and sets effluent limits for each. As ofFY 2001, these regulations were applied toabout 300,000 facilities.The Law also requires certain factories andfacilities to install specified pollution-control equipment. The governments canask facilities to report their effluent levelsand can verify with on-site inspections ifnecessary. If the effluents from the facilitycontinue to violate the standards, thegovernment can impose fines and ordermodifications of either the facilities or theirwastewater treatment methods. Firms thatemit toxins as part of their manufacturingprocesses must pay compensation for theharm caused to human health (no-faultliability for compensation). The Law furtherobliges specified facilities inside “specificdesignated regions” to be subject to "totalpollutant load control" and regularly reportto the government their pollutant dischargeloads.Public education for efficient water use.Effluents from domestic activities such ascooking, laundry, and bathing are a majorcause of pollution of public waters.Therefore, the Water Pollution Control Lawspecifies the general public's generalresponsibilityforcooperationwithgovernment policy on water quality andwater conservation. However, there areneither direct regulations nor penalties forreleasing domestic effluents. The Ministryof the Environment has promoted educationto enhance the public's awareness of theproblem and to prompt efficient water useand voluntary reduction is domesticpollution loads.
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