In the above simulations, the fraction calculations for different pseudo-components are based on the exclusion of ash fraction of the sample. By including the part of ash, the fractions and the kinetic parameters for both the pyrolysis and combustion are re-calculated and listed in Table 4. As shown, due to the presence of oxygen, the activation energies calculated by the Scheme 2 differ from those by the Scheme 1. For the three parallel reactions of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the oxidative pyrolysis in air atmosphere involves higher values of activation energies. This is consistent with that in literature. For example, study on thermal degradation of olive solid waste [30] indicated that the activation energy of devolatilization step increases with increasing oxygen concentration. Another research [9] on wood combustion also reported similar activation energy dependence on oxygen concentration.