1. Expecting a standard concept of time
The definition of time in China does not necessarily designate when one hour gives way to the next. For example, noon -- to a Westerner, as definite a time as any other -- is employed by the Chinese as a two-hour period from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.
2. Mistaking loud voices as a sign of hostility
It could be the sheer number of people in China trying to have their say, or a quirk of the language, but for whatever reason, the Chinese speak several decibels higher than is comfortable for Westerns.
3. Misconstruing Chinese displays of deference
Though shaking hands comes naturally to Westerners, it is not always a comfortable practice for the Chinese who consider bonhomie impolite and disrespectful. Most Chinese offer a weak handshake and little more than reserve during their greetings. Don’t take offense.
4. Underestimating the importance of exchanging business cards before meetings
A double-sided Western business card with simplified Chinese on one side is the first indication of respect toward your Chinese counterpart; its conspicuous absence is not unlike refusing to shake hands at the start of a Western business meeting. Even if you are familiar with the title and position of the person to whom you have been introduced, study his card, and then deliberately place it within clear sight if you are sitting at a table.
5. Not coming to terms with “guanxi”
Like most idioms, guanxi is not easily translated into a single word that mirrors its meaning. “Relationships or connections outside the family” is the closest one might come to the meaning of what is at the very core of Chinese society and culture. It is, therefore, important for the Chinese to get to know the person or people with whom they wish to conduct business before business is conducted -- the how, why, and when things are done all rests on these relationships.