Study selection was done independently by 2 reviewers (AN, JD). A study was included if it was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing anticoagulant management for patients on warfarin therapy who required an elective dental procedure, and the RCT assessed at least 1 of the following outcomes: thromboembolism (arterial or venous) or postoperative bleeding (major, clinically significant nonmajor, or minor). Studies were excluded if they did not have a treatment arm consisting of patients who continued warfarin therapy in its usual dose and a control arm consisting of patients whose usual dose was decreased or whose warfarin therapy was stopped before the dental procedure.