State supreme courts noted that the state's obligation goes beyond simple equity and includes a set cumricwham standards to complement equity standards. An adequate education provides-a level arresourocs that is sufficient to meet defined or absolute, rather than relative, output tau danis(Berne and Stiefel 1999, 22). This definition does not focus esclusively on monetary resources but includes also the necessary levels of personnel and programming to provide sudent with the best chance to succeed. Adequacy frum a public education perspective, has three components(Roelke. Green, and zielewski 2004) First, an adequate education prepares students for college or the workplace. To demonstrate adequacy, a state's system ion finance nust allow students necessary resources in order to be successful in society. Thesecond component dictates that adequacy take into account present need rather than historical need. Present need implies that education is more important now than in previous years. Essentially. this can be viewed as a response tothe idea that this country's shift from an agrarian and manufacturing-based economy to an information- based economy necessitates that schools teach students new skills, which may require more resources The third component of adequacy entails providing districts with a level ofresourcesthat places them in the best position to provide an adequate education, rather than just setting a minimum level of education funding Adequacy is not limited to mere equity in funding. but also implies that districts must have the necessary resources to deliver an adequate education. Provided that it costs more to educate students in poor urban and rural areas, it logically follows that these districts will imvariably be required to spend more than others. Such additional spending remains oquitable as long it is consistently linked to an adequate education. assotr Burke(990) was a prominent third-wave case in which plaintiffs challenged the New Jersey Supreme Court's Robinson v Cahill(1972. 1973: 1975 ruling. The plaintiff