1. There is a correlation between the type of disaster and its impact on health, particularly the occurrence of injuries. For instance, earthquakes cause many traumas that demand medical attention, while floods tend to produce relatively few injuries;
2. Some of a disaster’s effects do not have an immediate impact on public health, but pose a potential threat. Population displacements and environmental changes may increase the risk of a spread in communicable diseases. In general, though, epidemics are not caused by natural disasters;
3. Immediate and potential health hazards in the aftermath of a disaster seldom materialize simultaneously; they tend to strike at different times, and with variable intensity within the affected area. Thus, injuries tend to happen at the time and place of the impact, demanding immediate medical attention, while the risk of an increase in communicable diseases evolves more slowly and reaches maximum intensity with overcrowding and breakdowns in hygiene;
4. After a disaster, the need for food, clothing, shelter, and primary health care is rarely absolute; even the displaced often have the resources to satisfy some of their own basic needs. Moreover, it is common for the victims of a disaster to recover quickly from the initial shock and participate spontaneously in search and rescue efforts and other relief initiatives, such as the storage and distribution of emergency supplies;
5. Wars and civil conflicts generate a particular set of health problems and operational obstacles. Overcoming them requires dealing with many political, social, ethnic and geographical issues.
Effective humanitarian relief management is based on anticipating problems and identifying them as they arise, and providing specific supplies at the right time where they are most needed. (6)
The various effects of disasters on the population and its surroundings generate different kinds of needs and require different approaches to meet those needs. It is therefore important to have a general sense of what these effects are, and which systems are most commonly affected. However, experience shows that the effects in question cannot be taken as absolutes, since the impact and form a disaster takes depends on the specifics of the affected region.
We have the short-term effects of major disasters, as death or severe injuries, requiring extensive treatment and some effects, which change the way of life of the disaster victims for a long time. We could briefly mention the main, following effects of disasters:
1. There is a correlation between the type of disaster and its impact on health, particularly the occurrence of injuries. For instance, earthquakes cause many traumas that demand medical attention, while floods tend to produce relatively few injuries;
2. Some of a disaster’s effects do not have an immediate impact on public health, but pose a potential threat. Population displacements and environmental changes may increase the risk of a spread in communicable diseases. In general, though, epidemics are not caused by natural disasters;
3. Immediate and potential health hazards in the aftermath of a disaster seldom materialize simultaneously; they tend to strike at different times, and with variable intensity within the affected area. Thus, injuries tend to happen at the time and place of the impact, demanding immediate medical attention, while the risk of an increase in communicable diseases evolves more slowly and reaches maximum intensity with overcrowding and breakdowns in hygiene;
4. After a disaster, the need for food, clothing, shelter, and primary health care is rarely absolute; even the displaced often have the resources to satisfy some of their own basic needs. Moreover, it is common for the victims of a disaster to recover quickly from the initial shock and participate spontaneously in search and rescue efforts and other relief initiatives, such as the storage and distribution of emergency supplies;
5. Wars and civil conflicts generate a particular set of health problems and operational obstacles. Overcoming them requires dealing with many political, social, ethnic and geographical issues.
Effective humanitarian relief management is based on anticipating problems and identifying them as they arise, and providing specific supplies at the right time where they are most needed. (6)
The various effects of disasters on the population and its surroundings generate different kinds of needs and require different approaches to meet those needs. It is therefore important to have a general sense of what these effects are, and which systems are most commonly affected. However, experience shows that the effects in question cannot be taken as absolutes, since the impact and form a disaster takes depends on the specifics of the affected region.
We have the short-term effects of major disasters, as death or severe injuries, requiring extensive treatment and some effects, which change the way of life of the disaster victims for a long time. We could briefly mention the main, following effects of disasters:
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