BZZ-1182 CANTERBURY (B)
00:00:02
Canterbury in Kent is a relatively small city, but it is the spiritual capital of England. Its religious history begins with St. Augustine, who was sent from Rome in 597 AD by Pope Gregory to convert the English from paganism. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury, whose modern successor is the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
Canterbury is also famous because of St. Thomas Becket, another Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170 at the hands of the king's knights.
00:00:34
Canterbury’s historic district is significant for its historical associations with institutions and people important in the development of the area. The center was the location of Canterbury's first church, the site of town meetings and social activities.
00:00:59
Many of the buildings in Canterbury’s center are well-preserved examples of particular styles and periods of architecture. A vestige of the Middle Ages through the sixteenth century, the wood-frame house was built by the common people for the common people.
It has a peaked roof and a sturdy dark wood frame of time-wizened oak that constitutes the structure of the building, with the spaces in between filled with light materials, such as clay mixed with chopped straw, generally of a neutral color.
The structural timber is clearly visible both from the inside and outside of the house. Crosspieces, uprights, diagonals, girders, and beams invariably in dark color accent the exterior and lend an unmistakable air of rusticity to the entire edifice.
00:02:02
The Romans had introduced brick to England during their domination, but after they left in 410 AD, the use of brick stopped. Though brick was reintroduced in the late thirteenth century, the middle of the sixteenth century marks the start of the extensive use of what is called the 'English bond' method of construction, when brick began to replace wood. One line of bricks was positioned lengthways and then a line placed on top of that with all bricks placed side-ways.
00:02:47
Canterbury began as an Iron Age settlement. It was an important center for the local Celtic tribe, the Cantiaci in the first century AD. In 43 AD the Romans invaded Britain. Late in the first century they took over the Celtic settlement and rebuilt it. The Romans called the new town Durovernum Cantiacorum. They laid out the new streets in a grid pattern and built public buildings in stone.
In Roman Canterbury rich people built houses of stone with mosaic floors while poor people lived in wood and plaster huts. In the early third century a wall was built around Canterbury. The town flourished for 300 years but in the fourth century Roman civilization declined.
After the Romans left Britain in 407 AD town life broke down and Canterbury was probably abandoned.
Because it was close to the eastern shore of England, Canterbury suffered severely when the Danes began raiding England. In 1011 the Danes returned and laid siege to Canterbury, capturing it after 20 days. They burned the cathedral and most of the houses in Canterbury.
In the Middle Ages the main industries in Canterbury were wool and leather. Wool was England’s main export and leather was used to make shoes, gloves, and saddles. Another important industry in Canterbury was providing for the needs of the many pilgrims who flocked there to visit Thomas Becket’s grave.
00:04:16
The city has a unique charm, with past and present sitting comfortably side-by-side.
There were few towns in Medieval England and those that existed were very small by modern standards. Most people in Medieval England were village peasants, but religious centers did attract people, and many therefore developed into towns or cities.
These cities grew large mainly because they were cathedral cities, and so attracted all manner of people, but especially traders and pilgrims. After the death of Thomas Becket in 1170, Canterbury Cathedral became a very special place of pilgrimage visited by thousands of people each year.
Village people travelled to towns to trade at market, and thus the town was enlarged to accommodate visitors and also ensure it was safe.
00:05:10
The Christ Church Gateway is the main entrance into the Cathedral precinct.
Built in 1438, this house has stood for centuries between the tranquil haven of the Cathedral and its precincts and the jostling commerce of the city center.
00:05:23
Built during the Tudor period, the Tudor rose as well as the heraldic symbols of Henry VII appear on the gateway. The figure of a welcoming Christ at the center is a modern replacement of a statue destroyed during the Puritan Revolution.
00:05:47
The elaborate carvings and shields are dedicated to the last patron of the Abbey - Prince Arthur, who was the older brother of Henry VIII. The gate is located off the Butter Market adjacent to the War Memorial.
00:06:05
Canterbury Cathedral is one of the oldest Christian churches in England and continues to play a central role in English Christianity. Originally founded in 602 AD by St. Augustine, it still functions as the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
00:06:26
Decorating the Romanesque exterior are intertwined blind arches embellished with decoratively carved columns and figurative capitals, all of which date from Archbishop Anselm's reconstruction around 1120. Many of the capitals are weathered beyond recognition, but others still clearly display interesting medieval characters.
00:06:42
The grandeur of the architecture reflects Canterbury's historic and religious importance. The main entrance is through the Gothic southwest porch, which dates from the fifteenth century.
00:07:01
Lanfranc's original Norman central tower, the Angel Steeple, was demolished in the 1430s. Reconstruction took place over 50 years later and the new tower rose to a height of 90 meters.
Christ Church Cathedral is a unique artistic creation. The beauty of its architecture is enhanced by a set of exceptional architectural elements that constitute the richest collection in the United Kingdom.
00:07:30
Canterbury Cathedral has beautiful cloisters, the most important of which, the Great Cloisters, was built around 1400. The intricate tracery of the vaulting is characteristic of the late English Gothic or Perpendicular style. The lace-like ribs are ornamental and have no structural purpose. The bosses are adorned with the heraldic symbols of the cathedral’s donors.
00:07:56
In the Middle Ages, the interior of the cathedral housed tombs, although very few townspeople had the wealth or connections to be able to mix, in death, with bishops and aristocracy.
The great cloister is surrounded by the buildings essentially connected with the daily life of the monks, including the refectory, the dormitory, and the chapterhouse. A passage under the dormitory leads eastwards to the smaller or infirmary cloister, appropriated to the sick and infirm monks. Outside of these are the halls and chambers with which every monastery was provided, that were devoted to receiving visitors.
00:08:41
The campus for Christ Church College was constructed on land that was once the orchards and domestic buildings of the adjacent St. Augustine's Abbey.
00:08:52
The Gate House to St. Augustine's Abbey is now almost the only remaining edifice of the once celebrated abbey. It is said to have been erected as early 1287, during the reign of Edward I. Its great merit is the simplicity, as well as the elegance of its design, resulting from the extreme chastity of its proportions; the enrichments are comprised of an abundance of beautiful moldings rather than of sculptured ornaments.
00:09:21
Ruins of the Saint Augustine abbey where, according to the Venerable Bede, the Apostle to the Anglo-Saxons established the forty Benedictine monks who accompanied him, are still visible, half-way between St. Martin's Church and the Cathedral. The Abbey, dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul, included oratories and chapels; excavations have revealed parts of the plan. The primitive institution, veritable cradle of Benedictine monasticism in England, was restored following Scandinavian invasions by St Dunstan who, in 978, dedicated a new structure to St Augustine. Modifications made during the 11th century, both before and after the Norman conquest, have not erased the plans of the earlier churches which, like a palimpsest, can still be read. Conversely, the abbey buildings virtually disappeared in their entirely following dissolution of the community by Henry VIII in 1538.
00:10:13
A royal palace later stood on the site of the abbey buildings against the northern side aisle of the nave. Shown here, the north wall of the Norman nave, walled up and converted into a palace.
00:10:33
Christianity had reached Britain in Roman times, but many pagans remained unconverted when the Roman legions departed in 410. According to legend, Pope Gregory the Great, in the sixth century, heard about the tribe called the Angles and thought such "angels" must be converted.
The facts are not quite as romantic - the pagan King Ethelbert of Kent had married a Frankish Christian princess named Bertha, and it was probably due to her influence that Pope Gregory sent missionaries to the area.
Assigned to the task of converting the Anglo-Saxons was the future St. Augustine of Canterbury, who was then an abbot in Rome. St. Augustine baptized King Ethelbert by the end of 597 and founded an abbey to serve as his base in 598 AD. The abbey was the burial place of St. Augustine, subsequent abbots and archbishops, and the kings of Kent.
Construction of the Church of Saints Peter and Paul was begun during Augustine's lifetime but completed around 613 by his successor. Built from reused Roman bricks, it was a simple structure.
00:11:43
At the east end of the abbey church is the crypt of Abbot Wulfric's Rotunda, a multi-storey octagonal
BZZ-1182 CANTERBURY (B)
00:00:02
Canterbury in Kent is a relatively small city, but it is the spiritual capital of England. Its religious history begins with St. Augustine, who was sent from Rome in 597 AD by Pope Gregory to convert the English from paganism. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury, whose modern successor is the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
Canterbury is also famous because of St. Thomas Becket, another Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170 at the hands of the king's knights.
00:00:34
Canterbury’s historic district is significant for its historical associations with institutions and people important in the development of the area. The center was the location of Canterbury's first church, the site of town meetings and social activities.
00:00:59
Many of the buildings in Canterbury’s center are well-preserved examples of particular styles and periods of architecture. A vestige of the Middle Ages through the sixteenth century, the wood-frame house was built by the common people for the common people.
It has a peaked roof and a sturdy dark wood frame of time-wizened oak that constitutes the structure of the building, with the spaces in between filled with light materials, such as clay mixed with chopped straw, generally of a neutral color.
The structural timber is clearly visible both from the inside and outside of the house. Crosspieces, uprights, diagonals, girders, and beams invariably in dark color accent the exterior and lend an unmistakable air of rusticity to the entire edifice.
00:02:02
The Romans had introduced brick to England during their domination, but after they left in 410 AD, the use of brick stopped. Though brick was reintroduced in the late thirteenth century, the middle of the sixteenth century marks the start of the extensive use of what is called the 'English bond' method of construction, when brick began to replace wood. One line of bricks was positioned lengthways and then a line placed on top of that with all bricks placed side-ways.
00:02:47
Canterbury began as an Iron Age settlement. It was an important center for the local Celtic tribe, the Cantiaci in the first century AD. In 43 AD the Romans invaded Britain. Late in the first century they took over the Celtic settlement and rebuilt it. The Romans called the new town Durovernum Cantiacorum. They laid out the new streets in a grid pattern and built public buildings in stone.
In Roman Canterbury rich people built houses of stone with mosaic floors while poor people lived in wood and plaster huts. In the early third century a wall was built around Canterbury. The town flourished for 300 years but in the fourth century Roman civilization declined.
After the Romans left Britain in 407 AD town life broke down and Canterbury was probably abandoned.
Because it was close to the eastern shore of England, Canterbury suffered severely when the Danes began raiding England. In 1011 the Danes returned and laid siege to Canterbury, capturing it after 20 days. They burned the cathedral and most of the houses in Canterbury.
In the Middle Ages the main industries in Canterbury were wool and leather. Wool was England’s main export and leather was used to make shoes, gloves, and saddles. Another important industry in Canterbury was providing for the needs of the many pilgrims who flocked there to visit Thomas Becket’s grave.
00:04:16
The city has a unique charm, with past and present sitting comfortably side-by-side.
There were few towns in Medieval England and those that existed were very small by modern standards. Most people in Medieval England were village peasants, but religious centers did attract people, and many therefore developed into towns or cities.
These cities grew large mainly because they were cathedral cities, and so attracted all manner of people, but especially traders and pilgrims. After the death of Thomas Becket in 1170, Canterbury Cathedral became a very special place of pilgrimage visited by thousands of people each year.
Village people travelled to towns to trade at market, and thus the town was enlarged to accommodate visitors and also ensure it was safe.
00:05:10
The Christ Church Gateway is the main entrance into the Cathedral precinct.
Built in 1438, this house has stood for centuries between the tranquil haven of the Cathedral and its precincts and the jostling commerce of the city center.
00:05:23
Built during the Tudor period, the Tudor rose as well as the heraldic symbols of Henry VII appear on the gateway. The figure of a welcoming Christ at the center is a modern replacement of a statue destroyed during the Puritan Revolution.
00:05:47
The elaborate carvings and shields are dedicated to the last patron of the Abbey - Prince Arthur, who was the older brother of Henry VIII. The gate is located off the Butter Market adjacent to the War Memorial.
00:06:05
Canterbury Cathedral is one of the oldest Christian churches in England and continues to play a central role in English Christianity. Originally founded in 602 AD by St. Augustine, it still functions as the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
00:06:26
Decorating the Romanesque exterior are intertwined blind arches embellished with decoratively carved columns and figurative capitals, all of which date from Archbishop Anselm's reconstruction around 1120. Many of the capitals are weathered beyond recognition, but others still clearly display interesting medieval characters.
00:06:42
The grandeur of the architecture reflects Canterbury's historic and religious importance. The main entrance is through the Gothic southwest porch, which dates from the fifteenth century.
00:07:01
Lanfranc's original Norman central tower, the Angel Steeple, was demolished in the 1430s. Reconstruction took place over 50 years later and the new tower rose to a height of 90 meters.
Christ Church Cathedral is a unique artistic creation. The beauty of its architecture is enhanced by a set of exceptional architectural elements that constitute the richest collection in the United Kingdom.
00:07:30
Canterbury Cathedral has beautiful cloisters, the most important of which, the Great Cloisters, was built around 1400. The intricate tracery of the vaulting is characteristic of the late English Gothic or Perpendicular style. The lace-like ribs are ornamental and have no structural purpose. The bosses are adorned with the heraldic symbols of the cathedral’s donors.
00:07:56
In the Middle Ages, the interior of the cathedral housed tombs, although very few townspeople had the wealth or connections to be able to mix, in death, with bishops and aristocracy.
The great cloister is surrounded by the buildings essentially connected with the daily life of the monks, including the refectory, the dormitory, and the chapterhouse. A passage under the dormitory leads eastwards to the smaller or infirmary cloister, appropriated to the sick and infirm monks. Outside of these are the halls and chambers with which every monastery was provided, that were devoted to receiving visitors.
00:08:41
The campus for Christ Church College was constructed on land that was once the orchards and domestic buildings of the adjacent St. Augustine's Abbey.
00:08:52
The Gate House to St. Augustine's Abbey is now almost the only remaining edifice of the once celebrated abbey. It is said to have been erected as early 1287, during the reign of Edward I. Its great merit is the simplicity, as well as the elegance of its design, resulting from the extreme chastity of its proportions; the enrichments are comprised of an abundance of beautiful moldings rather than of sculptured ornaments.
00:09:21
Ruins of the Saint Augustine abbey where, according to the Venerable Bede, the Apostle to the Anglo-Saxons established the forty Benedictine monks who accompanied him, are still visible, half-way between St. Martin's Church and the Cathedral. The Abbey, dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul, included oratories and chapels; excavations have revealed parts of the plan. The primitive institution, veritable cradle of Benedictine monasticism in England, was restored following Scandinavian invasions by St Dunstan who, in 978, dedicated a new structure to St Augustine. Modifications made during the 11th century, both before and after the Norman conquest, have not erased the plans of the earlier churches which, like a palimpsest, can still be read. Conversely, the abbey buildings virtually disappeared in their entirely following dissolution of the community by Henry VIII in 1538.
00:10:13
A royal palace later stood on the site of the abbey buildings against the northern side aisle of the nave. Shown here, the north wall of the Norman nave, walled up and converted into a palace.
00:10:33
Christianity had reached Britain in Roman times, but many pagans remained unconverted when the Roman legions departed in 410. According to legend, Pope Gregory the Great, in the sixth century, heard about the tribe called the Angles and thought such "angels" must be converted.
The facts are not quite as romantic - the pagan King Ethelbert of Kent had married a Frankish Christian princess named Bertha, and it was probably due to her influence that Pope Gregory sent missionaries to the area.
Assigned to the task of converting the Anglo-Saxons was the future St. Augustine of Canterbury, who was then an abbot in Rome. St. Augustine baptized King Ethelbert by the end of 597 and founded an abbey to serve as his base in 598 AD. The abbey was the burial place of St. Augustine, subsequent abbots and archbishops, and the kings of Kent.
Construction of the Church of Saints Peter and Paul was begun during Augustine's lifetime but completed around 613 by his successor. Built from reused Roman bricks, it was a simple structure.
00:11:43
At the east end of the abbey church is the crypt of Abbot Wulfric's Rotunda, a multi-storey octagonal
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